Increasing Chinese immigrants to the South Pacific countries, particularly Australia, has raised concerns of China getting involved in these countries domestic politics through building economic linkage withdomestic pro-China forces. This essay builds on remarks provided by the author at an NBR workshop on the U.S.-Australia alliance hosted by Flinders University in Adelaide on April 45, 2019. It also highlights the ongoing contributions of U.S. allies and security partners and opportunities for greater regional cooperation. TheUS, with itscolossalnavy, has kept its pre-eminence across the vast ocean, ensuring that only countries favourable to it will benefit from the regionshugeand mostly untapped potential. More relatable for South Pacific nations and their leaders is the example of Ecuador. Japan has discretely moved away from its pacifist constitution, quietly building up its armed forces and its military-industrial complex. This is an exciting opportunity to hear how the countries of the Pacific are responding to the challenge of Paris Agreement and to advance the conversation on the impact of climate . Her primary research focuses on maritime security in the Indo-Pacific and the role of islands in shaping great power competition. Climate change is one of the most pressing political, economic and environmental issues of the times. It has embarked on a huge shipbuilding programme and with so many ships being built, a second naval shipyard is being opened in Shanghai to cope with demand. Rising tension between China and India has also helped remove some of Indias initial reticence about the Quad and military exercises between the four countries have become larger, more sophisticated and realistic in nature. Recent estimates place the South Pacifics infrastructure needs at $20 billion over the next decade. [1] The ANZUS Treaty was formed in 1951. On Sept. 30, American and Chinese warships nearly collided, coming within 45 yards of each other. And its state-owned companies are making inroads in the islands of Oceania from Saipan to Vanuatu with infrastructure projects. [18] Further, in March 2019 the UK signed a pacific agreement with Papua New Guinea and Fiji to continue post-Brexit trading relations. The announcement follows the leak of a draft of the agreement last month, renewing fears thatChina would be granteda base of operationsbetween the US and Australia that could be used to block shipping traffic across the South Pacific. Defense Department officials had argued that the carrier would be too provocative at a time when Washington and Beijing are already at loggerheads over trade and other issues. This competition is distinct from the bipolar (United States and India versus China) vision implicit in the U.S. Indo-Pacific Strategy. Recent bipartisan legislation such as the Better Utilization of Investments Leading to Development (BUILD) Act more than doubles the U.S. governments commitment to overseas development financing to $60 billion and replaces the Overseas Private Investment Corporation with the International Development Finance Corporation, which is better equipped to develop cooperative funding with allies. We are now at the point where 35% of the capacity offered is on non-alliance services . With the addition of radar sites and missile batteries, some of these islands have become air bases, each with 3,000-metre runways that can accommodate the largest military aircraft. The United Kingdom, eager to establish its post-Brexit presence, has made a recent return to the Indo-Pacific by participating in military exercises with Japan and re-establishing diplomatic posts in Tonga and Vanuatu. Given therapidly shifting geopolitical landscape and seascapeof the South Pacific, the US sees the region posing several strategic challenges to itself and its allies. The region generally comprises the Indian Ocean, the western and central Pacific Ocean, and the seas interlinking the two near the Indonesia archipelago. [16] These intensely local projects are targeted to alleviate dependence on imported food and the devastating toll of noncommunicable diseases, building on Taiwans strong people-to-people relationships. This interview was conducted by Johnny Morreale, an Editorial Assistant at NBR. There is, indeed, a competition between and among major powers; India competes with China, US-led allies challenge China's assertiveness, and the Bay of Bengalsituated at the intersection between South and Southeast Asiais a divider, a connector, and a battleground. South China Sea (SCS) is the largest marginal sea in the West Pacific region. We will not be intimidated, he said. As a government-sponsored body, CIETAC, like the other judicial organs of the Chinese state, is subservient to the interests of the Chinese Communist Party, making a fair and impartial decision nearly impossible. The average depth is about 3,800 m/ 12,467 ft. 7. Although viewed as a lower risk compared with that of security concerns, the likelihood of its occurrence is considered greater. Prior to 2006, SinoSouth Pacific relations were largely conducted in terms of the ongoing diplomatic contest for recognition between China and Taiwan. [8] Nicholas Casey and Clifford Krauss, It Doesnt Matter if Ecuador Can Afford This Dam. Industrial-scale fishing began in the South Pacific after the second world war. The riots in the Solomon Islands were prompted in part by accusations that either China or Taiwan had bribed politicians to support the unpopular new prime minister, Snyder Rini, as they vied for diplomatic recognition. On Wednesday, American legislators introduced bills calling on the Trump administration to take action to defend the Uighurs. #1 The Pacific Ocean was named by Ferdinand Magellan Explorer Ferdinand Magellan was the first European to sail through the dangerous straits to South America. Pompeo referred to democratic Taiwan. That will surely rankle the Chinese. Both the US and China stand to lose economically should the effects of climate change worsen in this region. Prochlorococcus is both the smallest and most abundant photosynthesizing organism on the planet. There are some concerns in this region about being caught in the middle of a bad tug of war. New Zealand, under its Pacific Reset policy, has made financial assistance to its Pacific neighbors a key priority. The event followed in the wake of the Golden Globe that initiated the first circumnavigation of this type via the three capes (Good Hope, Leeuwin and Horn) in 1968. Over the last few months, the French Navy's operational activity has been particularly intense in the Indo-Pacific, speaking to . Swimmer Ben Lecomte 1,000 nautical miles (about . It is also developing its own supersonic long-range, cruise missile, relying on South Koreas vast high-tech industries rather than foreign purchases. Despite competition driven by a divergence of interest in the South Pacific, there are still various fields that see a convergence of interests between China and the US. Abstract. The South Pacific Ocean is emerging as an arena of US-China strategic competition while the activities of the two countries in some areas suggests that the model of cooperation could benefit the regional states. [2], China sees the South Pacific as a low-risk, high-yield opportunity. The Chinese do not describe their actions as militarization; they accuse the United States of militarizing the sea with its freedom-of-navigation ship operations and overflights. Analysts in Washington took note of the remarks. . The phrasing of the Australia, New Zealand, and United . Repeated overflights by Chinese military aircraft are matched by Japanese patrols, each attempting to persuade the other that they are willing to fight for what is theirs. But China has become more aggressive in trying to assert dominance over both. Chinas rise as a regional power has its neighbours worried. Left unsaid, of course, is that Chinese intentions in the South Pacific are no less nakedly self-serving than those of any other external power. China, the second largest economy globally, is also the worlds most populous nation. Third, there is an increasingly ideological edge to this competition. To do so would diminish the important and long-standing contributions from regional partners. Infrastructure investment in the Pacific Islands is thus critical, especially funding that supports local growth and meets local needs. This has put them at odds with both the United States, which has withdrawn from the Paris Agreement, and Australia, one of the worlds largest exporters of coal. Similarly, the Asia Reassurance Initiative Act (ARIA) goes some way to addressing the noted absence of U.S. attention to the broader Indo-Pacific region. However, given the current low levels of development and diplomatic engagement, it remains to be seen whether Britains eastern ambitions will be realized. The Indian Ocean is the world's third-largest body of water and has become a growing area of competition between China and India. Both countries have dug into seemingly nonnegotiable positions on Chinas militarization of disputed land features in the South China Sea the issue that most bedevils the military relationship. Yang Jiechi, the senior Chinese foreign policy official who attended the Washington meeting, said China was building what he described as civilian facilities and necessary defense facilities on its own territory.. [7] Signing of Japanese ODA Loan Agreement with Vanuatu: Building a Wharf for International Freight in Maritime Transportation Base Port of Port Vila to Improve Physical Distribution in Oceania, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), June 13, 2012, https://www.jica.go.jp/english/news/press/2012/120613.html; and Dan McGarry, Vanuatu: Flailing, Not Drowning, Lowy Institute, Interpreter, February 1, 2018, https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/vanuatu-flailing-not-drowning. [9] Japans loan, by contrast, is facilitated through the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), a government agency analogous to the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). To achieve reunification is a mission for our party and our country, General Wei said. Moreover, the two countries have conducted joint maritime search and rescue drills and could possibly look into targeted efforts for the region. 10 DAYS TO GO Hear from Atlantic Pacific Co-Founder & COO, Kate Sedwell about the Sea Centre Architecture Competition and get some tips before submitting Similarly for the United States, access to Australia (its premier regional security ally) and long-standing trade and security partners in Southeast Asia relies on a stable and sovereign South Pacific. It will be determined not only by policies taken by the two states themselves and their respective engagements with both external stakeholders and regional states. As noted in the above-mentioned Brookings Institution article, the US, Australia, and other partners in the region are growing increasingly concerned about the possibility thatChina and Chinese businesses, largely through elite capture of foreign aid and corruption, could cause the erosion of institutions of governance which Western donors spend considerable money trying to support. The then US Vice-President Mike Pence reportedlydeclined to meetwith the leader of the Solomon Islands to discuss development partnerships after the latter cut ties with Taiwan in favour of China. At its core, it involves the avoidance of direct military conflict in favor of a zero-sum competition for geographic advantage, resulting in all-out competition for the alignment of noncommitted states in strategically crucial zones. [19] The lesson here is to approach the strategic challenge to countering Chinas influence by seeking to earn and build trust. It's best known for its opposing phases: El Nio and La Nia. Now forecasters are watching to see if the warming El Nio pattern will develop later this year. Dr. Wesley is the author of the chapter Oceania: Cold War Versus the Blue Pacific in Strategic Asia 2020: U.S.-China Competition for Global Influence. A standard feature of contracts facilitated by JICA is the establishment of a three-person dispute boardchosen by both parties but independent of any ties to either of themto be a continuous point of reference for the duration of the contract.[10]. Many low-lying atolls face the imminent threat of inundation, and countries such as Kiribati have seen their freshwater tables rendered unusable thanks to the encroachment of sea water. TheSouth Pacific Ocean, covering a major part of thesouthern hemisphere, is known for its pristine beaches, geographic and cultural diversity, and unique development challenges. Chinese tactics in this region are not new but mirror the strategies it previously employed in East Africa and Southeast Asia. The South Pacific has started to become subject to the same intense strategic competition between China and the United States and its allies that has affected the rest of the island chain stretching from Japan to Polynesia since the mid-1990s. Instead, the Pentagon sent a cruiser and a destroyer. Climate change in particular is an issue that has pitted Pacific Island states against the United States and Australia. The South Pacific offers the opportunity for the United States and Australia to engage in creative forms of regional alliance cooperation not only to challenge the perception that the United States influence is waning but also to provide a blueprint for long-term regional strength. An Oceanic Trench is a long and narrow topographic depression of the ocean floor that is usually found at . In 2006, Wen Jiabao was the first Chinese premier to visit the Pacific Islands, where he announced an increase in aid to the region. [4] Ethan Meick, Michelle Ker, and Han May Chan, Chinas Engagement in the Pacific Islands: Implications for the United States, U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission Staff Research Report, June 14, 2018, 4, https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/Research/China-Pacific%20Islands%20Staff%20Report.pdf. [13] Scott Morrison, Australia and the Pacific: A New Chapter (address, Townsville, November 8, 2018), https://www.pm.gov.au/media/address-australia-and-pacific-new-chapter. Chen further notes that on the maritime front, the UShopes to explorethe use of joint coast guard patrols and joint law enforcement to guide law enforcement activities such as dispersal, hot pursuit and the boarding and inspection of Chinas oceangoing fishing vessels in South Pacific waters. WASHINGTON Trade disputes have for months been the focus of souring relations between the United States and China. China Still Gets Paid, New York Times, December 24, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/24/world/americas/ecuador-china-dam.html. And it is evident as Vice President Mike Pence is in Asia this week to talk to East Asian and Southeast Asian leaders to shore up support for American efforts to counterbalance China. Students from around the world will design robotic submarines to overcome simplified versions of challenges. A federal U.S. regulator approved Canadian Pacific Railway Ltd.'s CP-T US$27-billion takeover of Kansas City Southern on Wednesday, allowing Canada's second-biggest rail shipper to forge a . The ocean basin covers about 32% of the Earth's total surface area and 46% of the water surface. The US has approved orders for 105 of these fifth-generation planes for Japan, its regional ally. In March, Russia ran exercises on the disputed isles involving 3,000 troops, its armed forces practising how to defeat a hypothetical airborne assault. [17] However, despite its clear long-term interests in the region and consistent military presence, France has not been active in regional stability operations (in either the Bougainville or Solomon Islands). Why ocean shipping is less anti-competitive than lawmakers think. American officials say those could eventually become beachheads for the Peoples Liberation Army, which would pose a challenge to the United States Navys operational command in the far island chains. The Export-Import Bank of China attached conditions granting a 5-year loan repayment grace period, an interest rate of 2%, and a 15-year repayment schedule. Jesse Barker Gale is a PhD Candidate in American Studies in the College of Business, Government and Law at Flinders University in South Australia. Bipartisan concern over the actions of the Chinese state is one of the few opportunities for policy advancement between Congress and the White House during the current administration. In this scenario, submarine forces and maritime bases in the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific have been given increasing value. In addition to visits by Vice President Mike Pence, Randy Schriver (the assistant secretary of defense for Indo-Pacific security) and Matthew Pottinger (the senior director for Asian affairs at the NSC) have both made trips to the Pacific Islands to consult with regional leaders. note - the Pacific Ocean is the deepest ocean basin mean depth: -4,080 m ocean zones: Composed of water and in a fluid state, the oceans are delimited differently than the solid continents. It sees these new alliances as threatening and is boosting its own armed forces accordingly. The definition of such policy support is vague and could potentially lead to a wider implication of expanding Chinas influence over the Pacific Island countries under the context of the US-China strategic competition. President Trumps recent meeting with the presidents of Palau, Micronesia, and the Marshall Islands is a promising step forward in building and extending the basis for trust. CP and KCS got approval for the takeover from the U.S. Beijing has developed interlocking military capabilities (missiles, sensors, submarines) that have seriously raised the risks to U.S. naval assets operating in the western Pacific. But intractable problems in the South China Sea and the Taiwan Strait underscore that competition for dominance of the Pacific Ocean remains the most volatile source of conflict between the two . It is these worrying moves by China, the growing superpower in Asias midst, that has its neighbours increasingly concerned, and a regional arms race is now in full swing. Framed on one side by the Americas, on the far side of this vast ocean spanning more than 155 million square kilometres, competition between Asian Pacific Rim powers is heating up. Australia has taken a series of assertive actions designed to send a clear message to Beijing: the passing of a counter-foreign interference law, the banning of Huawei from bidding to build Australias 5G mobile phone network, and regular and clear denunciations of Chinas claims and actions in the South China Sea and the South Pacific. We will not stand down. Why has the Pacific Islands region drawn greater attention from China, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States in recent years? Most Pacific Island states welcome the increased attention, which they see as for the first time pitting several wealthy countries in competition with each other to curry favor with regional states. Closer to home, China has continued to place military equipment and installations on rocks and reefs in the South China Sea, over which it claims sovereignty. It was. Strength to Strength: The Future of the U.S.-Australia Alliance, 2023 The National Bureau of Asian Research, Commission on the Theft of American Intellectual Property, The Future of the U.S.-Australia Alliance, Competition and Cooperation in the South Pacific, Kenneth B. and Anne H.H. The South Pacific Ocean is emerging as an arena of US-China strategic competition while the activities of the two countries in some areas suggests that the model of cooperation could benefit the regional states. In 2020, a giant fleet of nearly 300 vessels was spotted near the Galapagos Islands close to the territorial waters of Ecuador more than 15,000km from Chinas shore. The 50th Pacific Island Forum Leaders Meeting will be held in Tuvalu in August 2019. [6] Sebastian Horn, Carmen Reinhart, and Christoph Trebesch, Chinas Overseas Lending, Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Working Paper, July 3, 2019, 17, https://www.ifw-kiel.de/fileadmin/Dateiverwaltung/IfW-Publications/Christoph_Trebesch/KWP_2132.pdf. Japan claims a set ofuninhabited islandsit calls Senkaku and China callsDiaoyu. From island chains in the South China Sea to the islets off the southernmost tip of Japan, China has pushed for ownership in an attempt to expand its control over the region. Climate security in the Pacific Framed on one side by the Americas, on the far side of this vast ocean spanning more than 155 million square kilometres, competition between Asian Pacific Rim powers is heating up. The United States has been more aggressive in defending Taiwanese interests since John R. Bolton became national security adviser in April. Solomon Islandsannouncedon 20 April that it has signed a security agreement with China. That said, it is hard to foresee whether competition or cooperation will drive the future development of the South Pacific or whether the two phenomena may co-exist. In addition to the trade of goods and services, China also seeks what it described aspolicy support from the Pacific Island countries. By contrast, a similar infrastructure project in Port Vila, Vanuatu, completed by Japan, grants a 10-year loan repayment grace period, an interest rate of 0.55%, and a 40-year repayment schedule. Strategy for the region, in Washington and Beijing, revolves around how each country can assert military dominance in the Pacific. Polarization could also conceivably occur internally in the states of the Pacific. [5] Pacific RegionalAustralian Infrastructure Financing Facility for the Pacific: Stepping-Up Australias Pacific Engagement, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia), July 2019, http://dfat.gov.au/geo/pacific/development-assistance/Pages/australian-infrastructure-financing-facility-for-the-pacific.aspx. Pacific neighbors a key priority as a lower risk compared with that of security concerns, the second economy... Security concerns, the likelihood of its occurrence is considered greater, economic and environmental of! Average depth is about 3,800 m/ 12,467 ft. 7 risk compared with that of security,... Have conducted joint maritime search and rescue drills and could possibly look into efforts! The warming El Nio and La Nia Pacific region and Clifford Krauss, it Doesnt Matter Ecuador. Contributions from regional partners an issue that has pitted Pacific Island Forum leaders Meeting will be held Tuvalu. 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